Symptoms of varicose veins of the lower limbs

Varicose veins in the legs are one of the most common diseases that occurs in a large number of women of any age. Men also suffer from it, but much less often. With such symptoms, people very rarely turn to medical professionals immediately. Everyone is trying to self-medicate, considering all of this as temporary manifestations. Varicose veins of the foot are often simply confused with an overworked body, tired of daily work and a heavy schedule.

The peculiarity of varicose veins in the legs is such that the treatment helps especially well only in the early stages of the disease, but not in the last, when there are more and more manifestations every day. If everything is left to chance, surgery is required in the extreme stages. The disease progresses gradually. Especially if it goes hand in hand with venous insufficiency.

With varicose veins of the lower extremities, the symptoms disappear with pathological expansion and hemodynamic disorders. The venous valves don't work well. Over time, this all worsens with thrombophlebitis, phlebothrombosis, and pulmonary thromboembolism.

Beginning of the disease

The first symptoms of varicose veins on the legs are associated with improper action of the valves of the veins, which leads to blood reflux. Endothelial cells receive a signal from slowed blood flow. Leukocytes are installed on them. Thus, the inflammation process begins in the vascular walls, which pass along the vein bed. The inflammatory process catalyzes disorders of the venous walls.

All pressure is stronger on the venous valve system. To begin with, the lesion is noticeable in the areas with the highest load: perforating vessels and large and small saphenous veins. Subsequently, the channel begins to fill beyond the norm. It is from this that the redistribution of venous blood in the walls proceeds. And below, most of the time, there are many more. All this volume gently reaches the deep veins, where it relaxes everything in its immediate environment. There is dilation and venous insufficiency of the valve sections.

causes

Phlebologists identify a number of reasons that cause pathologies in the work of the venous system. This may be due to a genetic predisposition and the totality of unpleasant effects on the human body. Hereditary features are manifested not only in women, but also in men. The disease can pass inside for a long time, but it does not manifest itself in any way outside. Subsequently, due to some external catalyst, a failure in the venous valves leads to the first manifestations on the skin.

The following important reasons provoke the ailment:

• age parameters;
• failure of hormones;
• diabetes;
• permanent constipation;
• periods after surgery or injury;
• alcohol and tobacco addiction;
• hypercoagulability and excess weight;
• period of childbirth and pregnancy;
• underwear that tightens the individual parts of the body;
• long downtime and high workplace loads;
• congenital defects of the circulatory system;
• life in unsuitable conditions due to the climate.

Symptoms

Leg vein diseases are not simple blue discolorations with long tree-shaped paths. They are also often called vascular stars. This is far from the first stage, and also the name of such a phenomenon is - intradermal varicose veins. As we wrote earlier, this situation can occur due to a number of factors, including pregnant girls. The human body is gradually rebuilding itself due to the influence of hormones. It is not dangerous, except for the discomfort due to external manifestations. Young women do not like to see that they have an outward blue tint. Such manifestations of lower varicose veins can be removed with cosmetic devices, adjusting the diet, switching to the recommended diet products.

Bluish mesh most often indicates to the patient that he has a harmless type of varicose veins of the lower extremities.

Human health does not suffer from this in any way, but it is still unpleasant to live with such a problem for a long time. Experts advise to contact specialized cosmetology clinics, where it is possible to prescribe a course of drugs with herbs, lotions, gels and ointments. This is a combination of traditional medicine and classic clinical research.

If any bumps or bumps are already present, it is urgent to see a doctor. There can be no self-medication here. If there is leg pain with varicose veins, symptoms that you find difficult to determine, contact therapists. In general, it is very difficult to completely remove varicose veins of the lower extremities, the symptoms of the photo and the treatment testify to this. In advanced situations, you must even go to the surgical department for help, where you will undergo an operation. The initial varicose veins in the legs are characterized by heaviness in the limbs, edema and some cramps. All these symptoms of varicose veins tell us directly that you have just the case that is treated only under the supervision of a doctor.

If you notice redness of the skin, feel discomfort when walking, see compact vascular walls, feel a rise in temperature, then this is already a serious disease called thrombophlebitis.

There is already a significant risk of losing health. If you don't pay attention to all these signs of varicose enlargement for a long time, several deaths per year also occur. Usually, with a disease with current symptoms, the patient is immediately hospitalized for long-term treatment. Even if you've only noticed one symptom, there's no need to wait for the weather by the sea. Urgently to the clinic, and there it will already be more visible.

Classification

In 2000, a classification with 4 degrees of varicose veins in the legs was proposed:

1. Dilated veins within the skin of the segmental type. Venous discharges are not evident.
2. Dilated veins of a segmental nature with reflux.
3. Dilated veins with reflux over the entire lower limb area.
4. Dilated veins with varicose reflux with penetration into the deep veins.

In addition, health professionals identify not only ascending pathological changes starting from the foot, but also descending ones - varicose veins start from the mouth of the saphenous vein.

When determining the type of disease, they also consider the level of venous insufficiency.

Zero - the disease is absent in humans, the first is heaviness in the legs, the second is the manifestation of edema, the third is persistent edema, eczema, increased pigmentation, lipodermatosclerosis, the fourth is the formation of trophic ulcers.

Diagnostics

At first, the method of examination by a phlebologist is simply external, that is, the doctor examines the external changes in the legs. With a high degree of probability, already at this stage, an approximate diagnosis is determined, but it never ends there. Then they carry out a series of research and diagnostic procedures of a general nature:

• blood test;
• X-ray;
• reovasography and duplex scanning;
• Doppler ultrasound and plethysmography.

Treatment

Varicose veins of the lower limbs are easily treatable in the early stages. The whole procedure works to normalize blood circulation, blood outflow and prevent any complications. All this helps to improve the general condition of the body. Therapeutic techniques are divided into two types.

Conservative therapy is often used when the first signs of varicose veins appear on the legs. The skin is affected, but these are not some pronounced segments. The person continues to live a normal life. The disease basically affects nothing, except the psychological state.

The surgical method is recommended when the disease manifests itself in large areas with clear lines, small bumps and ulcers. The recovery method often begins with minimally invasive procedures, but full-fledged surgery sometimes comes to the rescue when the case is extremely neglected.

Conservative technique

A complex course is prescribed to the patient:

1. Specialists are trying to eliminate all possible risks of disease progression. Varicose veins on the legs are examined by a phlebologist, who can subject the patient to a clinical examination.
2. They begin to fight adynamia. If there is no thrombosis, then you need to actively engage in sports, evenly loading your body, vigorously training the lower limbs. Intensity is already in discussion with the physiotherapist. Most often they are forced to swim, run, ride a bicycle. Sports underwear with additional compression is recommended. Before training, you need to keep your legs in an elevated state for several minutes. Sick people are not advised to play contact sports: power martial arts, football, hockey. For better fixation of the legs, elastic bandages are used.

3. Compression knitwear and elastic bandages are needed not only on sports fields. They are trying to treat the symptoms of varicose veins in the lower limbs. When used correctly, venous circulation should improve. This type of treatment is often prescribed for a limited time.
4. Taking medications. The course of taking drugs is prescribed for all stages of the development of varicose veins. Careless use of pills for the ailment can only lead to a worsening of the situation. The patient can get rid of any bright manifestations on the legs in a month, if he observes the doctor's instructions. All prescribed drugs belong to different groups of drugs that have an anti-inflammatory effect and are related to angioprotectors, phlebotonics, desogregants or anticoagulants.
5. Physiotherapy is always included in the complex of counteracting the symptoms of varicose veins in the legs. All of them affect, first of all, the restoration of the tone of the venous walls, lymphatic drainage and the improvement of blood circulation. Numerous medications are prescribed, from magnetic and laser therapy to pneumocompression and hyperbaric oxygenation. Often these are oxygen and mineral baths. If there are no contraindications and side effects, the patient is prescribed massage activities. In addition, they can sometimes even be done at home on their own. They are also treated with hirudotherapy and apitherapy.

Surgical technique

Diseases of the venous type sometimes have to be treated by surgeons, when all the symptoms of the disease accumulate and negatively affect each other, and the stage has long since passed to the last quarter. They try to fight with a minimally invasive method. This is sclerotherapy with the introduction of certain substances that affect the walls of the blood vessels. This is microsclerotherapy that acts directly on spider veins. This is microthermocoagulation, which works on a thin electrode, eliminating all external light manifestations. These are endovasal laser coagulation and radiofrequency ablation of varicose veins: they all act on the affected areas of the veins, providing a thermal effect. All this is necessary in order not to prescribe drastic measures and to conduct a real operation. There are already separate methods of a new kind, which began to be applied only from the late 1990s.

Transluminal phlebectomy: a thin probe is inserted into the lumen of the diseased vein. Thanks to this, the doctor exercises control over the entire operation. An anesthetic drug is administered. All affected areas are removed by suction.

Endoscopic Dissection: Perforating veins are ligated using endoscopic devices.

There are also separate operations to preserve the veins. They are aimed at restoring the functioning of the venous valves. There is a fixation of specialized structures that prevent progress of a pathological nature. Sometimes hemodynamic operations are used to relieve affected veins by directing venous flows in other directions. Relapses in these situations are common. Do not visit baths, saunas in the postoperative period, walk less often and do not lift heavy objects.

Opinion of the phlebologist:

The use of compression stockings with elastic bandages is necessary not only for sports. With the help of them, the first signs of varicose veins are treated. If this is done correctly, there is an improvement in venous blood circulation. Often, these treatments are prescribed for an unlimited period. Medicines can be prescribed during any stage in which varicose veins develop. If pills are used insanely to cure a disease, the situation can only get worse. After a month, patients can remove various manifestations on the surface of the legs, when it begins to follow the recommendations of the doctor. Medicines achieve an effect in which the inflammation disappears. These are angioprotectors, phlebotonics, disinfectants or anticoagulants.

Reviews

• The first answer, a woman, 39 years old: "The signs of varicose veins of the legs were given to signify about a year ago. This is my hereditary disease in the maternal line. Often, at the same time, atherosclerosis of the vessels occurs. In this case , in my case, folk methods did not help relieve pain, although and I had initial internal varicose veins. I began to engage in prophylaxis too late. The disease reached the small pelvis. I turned to a specialist who examined all affected areas. He will prescribe me a specialized treatment course that relieved me of all unpleasant external manifestations in about a month. we can safely say that all women should go to the doctor right away. Do not use all these grandmother methods. Only phlebologists will help you find medicines. They know all about varicose vein problems. "
• The second opinion, a woman, 52 years old: "Despite having constantly monitored her health, varicose veins still appeared. I always turn to the treating doctors simply for the initial examination and diagnosis. The whole course lasted 3-4 weeks. At that time I was already engaged in purely preventive and restorative procedures. Now a little sport, a correct diet, yes, in general, that's all. The disease has receded and, I hope, it will never return ".